Description
Research has found Red Yeast Rice to be as effective as and in certain cases more effective than cholesterol lowering drugs.[1] Unived’s RYR is a natural product, standardized to 0.4% monacolin K, the international standard for safe, cholesterol lowering Red Yeast Rice.
- RYR is more efficacious and better tolerated as compared to synthetic cholesterol lowering drugs.
- Red Yeast Rice is clinically proven to decrease LDL by 20-30% and increase HDL by 14-20%.[2]
- Unived’s RYR has no known side-effects unlike the synthetic cholesterol lowering drugs which are associated with cell death, impaired memory, liver toxicity, muscle damage, and CoQ10 depletion.[3,4,5,6]
- Unived’s RYR is vegan and encapsulated in 100% vegetarian capsules made from plant derived cellulose.
Natural RYR vs synthetic cholesterol lowering drugs
Origin
Red Yeast Rice is a traditional Chinese concept demonstrated through several studies, to lower lipid levels. Red Yeast Rice, also known as Monascus purpureus rice, is derived from the ‘Went‘ strain of M. pupureus, and is prepared by the traditional rice fermentation method. Synthetic cholesterol lowering drugs came into the market in the late 70s when the cholesterol lowering agent was isolated by scientists from the Aspergillus oryzae.[7] Monascus and Aspergillus were both being studied at the same time.
Chemical structure and composition
Monacolin K is the key ingredient of Red Yeast Rice whereas it’s also the key ingredient of some synthetic cholesterol lowering drugs. A popular cholesterol lowering drug and monacolin K have an identical chemical structure and both work as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors causing inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in the liver.
However unlike synthetic cholesterol lowering drugs, Red Yeast Rice also contains nutritional elements such as proteins, sterols, isoflavone and its glycosides, unsaturated fatty acids, saponin and sapogenins and some trace elements[8] – these enhance the cholesterol lowering action of Red Yeast Rice.[9] Its active constituents include monacolin K, dihydromoncolin, and monacolin I to VI.[10]
Efficacy
Red Yeast Rice is more efficacious than some synthetic cholesterol lowering drugs. In one of the trials comparing the effects of Red Yeast Rice and another synthetic cholesterol lowering drugs, subjects with high cholesterol were given either 2,400mg of Red Yeast Rice or 20mg of a synthetic pharmaceutical product. 12 weeks later, Red Yeast Rice was not only found to be more effective, it was also better tolerated than cholesterol lowering drug.[1]
While cholesterol lowering drugs will only lower LDL – Unived’s RYR effectively reduces LDL (bad) cholesterol as well as triglyceride levels and improves HDL (good) cholesterol levels.[11]
RYR is proven to increase HDL levels by 14-20%.
Safety: Side-effects of Red Yeast Rice
Synthetic cholesterol lowering drugs are popularly prescribed to treat individuals with high cholesterol, due to their cholesterol lowering effect.
- Several trials evaluating the effect of cholesterol lowering drug therapy, report significant depletion in blood CoQ10 levels, more so when cholesterol lowering drugs are taken at higher doses and most notably in the elderly.[5]
- Synthetic cholesterol lowering drugs can have several side-effects including impaired memory, liver damage, muscle loss.
- Cholesterol lowering drug treatment can modify expression of genes and may be involved in cell death.[13]
- A particular cholesterol lowering drug was withdrawn from the US market in 2001 due to 52 deaths attributed to the drug-induced rhabdomyolysis causing kidney failure.[14]
Unived’s RYR contains Red Yeast Rice that is free from citrinin and any other impurities. Red Yeast Rice and therapeutic lifestyle may offer a lipid lowering option for treating patients with a history of cholesterol lowering drug therapy intolerance.[11]
Red Yeast Rice contains 0.4% monacolin K which is similar in structure and function to cholesterol lowering drugs but is free from the associated side-effects.[4] Unived’s RYR has no known side-effects.
Therapeutic dosages
Daily intake of RYR – standardized Red Yeast Rice – assists you in managing your cholesterol without the adverse effects attributed to cholesterol lowering drugs. Each capsule contains 600mg of Red Yeast Rice standardized to 0.4% monacolin K – the international standard for cholesterol lowering Red Yeast Rice. 2400mg of standardized Red Yeast Rice is the ideal dosage to lower LDL and triglycerides, and increase HDL.
What is RYR – Red Yeast Rice
Red Yeast Rice is a unique produce of culture, an ideal example of how natural remedies are embedded in our traditional culinary practices. A staple diet in many Asian countries, Red Yeast Rice is used to make rice wine, for flavor, and to preserve the flavor and color of fish and meat.[15] Inherent to Chinese cuisine for centuries, Red Yeast Rice has also been used as medicinal food to promote ‘blood circulation’.[15]
Historical background
Red Yeast Rice finds a cultural reference in ‘koji‘, a Japanese word which implies a grain or bean allowed to overgrow with a mold culture. Koji is a mold culture prepared by growing either Aspergillus oryzae or Monascus purpureus mold on cooked grains or soybeans in a warm, humid place. Koji serves as a source of enzymes that break down natural plant constituents into simpler compounds when making miso, soy sauce, sake, amazake, and other fermented foods.[16]
- The history of Koji dates as far back as 300 BC, finding a mention in the culinary tradition of the Chinese Zhou dynasty[16] and has eventually become a popular term with its widespread usage in cuisines across cultures of the world.
- Red rice koji is made using Monascus purpureus on rice; it is called ‘beni koji’ in Japan and ‘hongqu’ in China; both these terms mean ‘red koji’. Red Yeast Rice acquires its reddish purple shade due to its interaction with Monascus purpureus.
- Li Shizhen, a prominent pharmacologist of the Chinese Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) described ‘hongqu‘ as ‘sweet in flavor and warm in property’ (Chen, 1982), and as having the property to ‘promote digestion and blood circulation and strengthen the spleen.'[17]
- Furthermore, a monograph of Chinese medicine, published by Li Shin-chun (1590) describes its utilization as a coloring agent and a medicine in the treatment of various diseases.[10]
Research in modern times
- Several centuries later, in the late 1970s, cholesterol inhibiting agent was isolated from Aspergillus. Around the same time in another part of the world, an analogue denoted as monacolin K, with a slightly greater efficacy was isolated.[18]
- A key compound in Red Yeast Rice is monacolin K that is useful in reducing cholesterol production. It inhibits the action of key enzyme in the liver (HMG Co-A reductase) that has rate controlling impact in cholesterol synthesis.[17]
Red Yeast Rice lowers cholesterol
An increasing number of practitioners across the world, particularly in the US and Europe ascribe significant cholesterol-lowering properties to Red Yeast Rice. Several clinical observations in the last decade have shown Red Yeast Rice to be effective in lowering blood-lipid levels.[17]
References
1. Halbert SC et al, ‘Tolerability of red yeast rice (2,400 mg twice daily) versus [cholesterol lowering drug] (20 mg twice daily) in patients with previous [cholesterol lowering drug] intolerance’, American Journal of Cardiology, Jan 2010, vol. 105 (2), pg.198-204.
2. Dr. Ann Gerhardt MD, ‘Healthy Choices for Mind and Body’, 07/2006.
3. Camelia Stancu & Anca Sima, ‘[Cholesterol lowering drugs]: mechanism of action and effects’, Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2001, vol. 5 (4), pg. 378-87.
4. Matthew Klimek et al, ‘Safety and Efficacy of Red Yeast Rice (Monascus purpureus) as an Alternative Therapy for Hyperlipidemia’, P&T, June 2009, vol. 34 (6), pg. 313-327.
5. PH Langsjoen & AM Langsjoen, ‘The clinical use of HMG CoA-reductase inhibitors and the associated depletion of the essential co-factor coenzyme Q10. A review of animal and human publications’, BioFactors 18, IOS Press, 2003, pg. 101–111.
6. Medical News Today, ‘Some [cholesterol lowering drugs] may impair Memory’, 26 September, 2013.
7. K S Lyons, ‘ [Cholesterol lowering drugs] in the Beginning’, Journal of the Royal College of Physicians Edinburgh, Dec 2009, vol. 39(4), pg. 362-4.
8. Junxian Wang et al, ‘Multi-Center Clinical Trial of the Serum of Lipid Lowering Effects of a Monascus Purpureus (Red Yeast) Rice Preparation from Traditional Chinese Medicine’, Current Therapeutic Research, Dec 1997, vol. 58(12), pg. 964-978.
9. Patrick L & Uzick M quoted in Matthew Klimek et al, ‘Safety and Efficacy of Red Yeast Rice (Monascus purpureus) as an Alternative Therapy for Hyperlipidemia’, Pharmacy & Therapeutics, June 2009, vol. 34 (6), pg. 313-327.
10. Ozlem Erdogrul & Sebile Azirak, ‘Review of the Studies on the Red Yeast Rice (Monascus purpureus)’, Turkish Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 2004, vol. 2, pg. 37-49.
11. David Becker, MD & Ram Gordon MD, ‘The Lipid-Lowering Properties of Red Yeast Rice’, American Medical Association Journal of Ethics, Virtual Mentor, Jun 2011, vol. 13 (6), pg. 365-368.
12. Emile G. Bliznakov M D, ‘Coenzyme Q10, Lipid Lowering drugs and Cholesterol: A present day Pandora’s Box’, The Journal of American Nutraceutical Association, 2002, vol. 5 (3), pg.32-38.
13. Agata Leszczynska et al, ‘Different [cholesterol lowering drugs] produce highly divergent changes in gene expression profiles of human hepatoma cells: a pilot study’, Acta Biochimica Polonica, 2011, vol. 58 (4), pg. 635-9.
14. Curt Furberg & Bertram Pitt, ‘Withdrawal of [cholesterol lowering drug] from the World Market’, Current Controlled Trials in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2001, vol. 2 (5), pg. 205-7.
15. Changling Li et al, ‘Monascus purpureus fermented rice (red yeast rice): A natural food product that lowers blood cholesterol in animal models of hypercholesterolemia’, Nutrition Research, Jan 1998, vol. 18 (1), pg. 71-81.
16. William Shurtleff & Akiko Aoyagi, ‘History of koji – grains and/or soybeans enrobed with a mold culture. (300 BCE to 2012)’, Soyinfo Centre, 2012.
17. Jiyuan Ma et al., ‘Constituents of Red Yeast Rice, Traditional Chinese Food and Medicine’, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Nov 2000, vol. 48 (11), pg. 5220-5.
18. Endo A. as quoted in Lyons KS & Harbinson L, ‘[Cholesterol lowering drugs] in the Beginning’, Journal of Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 2009, vol. 39 (4), pg. 362–4
19. Hyperlipidemia, Clinical Key, Elsevier, https://www.clinicalkey.com/topics/cardiology/hyperlipidemia.html.
20. Akira Endo, ‘The Origin of [cholesterol lowering drugs]’, Atherosclerosis Supplements, Oct 2004, vol. 5 (3), pg.125–130.
21. Dr. Mercola, Interview with Dr. Stephen Sinatra: ‘LDL (Bad) Cholesterol may not be so bad after all – What you need to know’, 17 Dec 2011, articles.mercola.com.
22. Debarati S Sen, ‘How Stress Affects Youngsters’, 12Feb 2013, The Times of India.
23. FAQs, South Asian Heart Center, southasianheartcenter.org.
24. Mercedes Serrano, ‘Comparison of Red Yeast Rice with Placebo in [cholesterol lowering drug]-Intolerant Adult Patients with Hyperlipidemia’, 2010, Paper 197, Pacific University, School of Physician Assistant Studies.
25. David J. Becker et al, ‘Red Yeast Rice for Dyslipidemia in [cholesterol lowering drug]-Intolerant Patients: A Randomized Trial’, Annals of Internal Medicine, 2009, vol. 150 (12), pg. 830-839.
26. Stephen Daniells, ‘Red yeast rice ‘safely’ reduces cholesterol levels and inflammatory markers: Italian study’, 29 August 2013, nutraingredients-usa.com.
27. Rajeev Gupta et al., ‘Secular trends in cholesterol lipoproteins and triglycerides and prevalence of dyslipidemias in an urban Indian population’, Lipids in Health and Disease, Oct 2008, 7:40.
28. Krishnaswami V et al as quoted in Sawant AM et al., ‘Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Young Adult Indian Population’, Journal of Association of Physicians of India, Feb 2008, vol. 56, pg. 99-102.
29. Heber et al., ‘Cholesterol Lowering effects of a proprietary Chinese red yeast rice dietary supplement’, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Feb 1999, vol. 69 (2), pg. 231-6.
30. High Cholesterol – Causes, www.nhs.uk.
31. Joshua Knowles MD PhD, ‘Focus on Familial Hypercholesterolemia’, April 10 2013, Stanford University Health Library, www.shlnews.org.
32. Sathasivam S & Lecky B as quoted in Potgieter et al., ‘Primary and Secondary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency: The Role of Therapeutic Supplementation’, Nutrition Reviews, 2013, vol. 71(3), pg. 180-8.
33. High Blood Cholesterol Levels, Medline Plus, National Institutes of Health. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus.
34. Understand your risk for Excessive Blood Clotting, 31 Jan 2013, American Heart Association, www.heart.org.
35. Smoking and Cancer: What’s in a Cigarette, Cancer Research UK, www.cancerresearchuk.org.